The term cancer applies to more than 100 different diseases, all of which have two things in common. As a result of genetic damage, normal cells become cancerous and can grow in an uncontrolled manner. In addition, these cells are able to invade other tissues, disrupting and destroying the structures and organs that they infiltrate.
As with most cancers, melanoma develops due to genetics as well as risk factors including sun exposure, poor diet, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and lack of exercise. Although the fundamentals of treatment – surgery, radiation and chemotherapy – have not changed in many years, advances in imaging, diagnosis, and sophisticated methods for delivering therapies have greatly improved their effectiveness. In addition, breakthroughs in immunotherapy are now being put into practice. As a result, many who develop cancer have a greatly improved chance of recovery and most will survive the experience.
While melanoma is not the most common form of skin cancer, it is the most precarious. It occurs when your melanocytes (pigment producing cells) mutate and become cancerous. Checking your moles and freckles is a very important way to diagnose melanoma. If you see any moles or freckles that are asymmetric, rough at the borders, multi-coloured, or changing in appearance, you should visit your doctor. Limiting sun exposure, covering your skin and applying sunscreen will also minimize your risk of getting melanoma.
