Fluorescence occurs when certain minerals absorb ultraviolet light and re-emit it as visible light, creating a glowing effect. This phenomenon is caused by the presence of specific compounds within the rocks that react to UV radiation. The Deluxe Fluorescent Rocks Science Kit demonstrates this natural process, allowing children to see how energy transformation works at a molecular level. It’s a fun and interactive way to learn about mineral composition, light wavelengths, and the wonders of geology.